1 - The context It's not that rare the need of unveiling IPs behind Cloudflare, that's a quite popular service that offers different solutions to protect your network from attacks and for load-balancing the work-load (starting from CDNs). We'll focus on the reverse proxy feature, so basically the situation which you are pointing to domain.tld and, instead of receiving data from the actual IP, you get the response from a Cloudflare's IP.